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Suggested Reading for the Georgia DUI Attorney
Thursday, 11 June 2009

Georgia DUI Blood Alcohol Testing Issues for DUI Experts

 Anthony, R.M., Sutheimer, C.A., and Sunshine, I. Acetaldehyde, Methanol and Ethanol Analysis by Headspace Gas-Chromatography. JAT 4: 43-45, 1980 Caplan, Y., and Levine, B. The Analysis of Ethanol in Serum, Blood and Urine, A Comparison of the TDx REA Ethanol Analysis with Gas Chromatography. JAT10:49-52, 1986 Cary, P.L., Whitter, P.D., and Johnson, C.A. abbot Radiative Attenuation Method for Quantifying Ethanol Evaluated and Compared With Gas Liquid Chromatography and the Du Pont ACA. Clin. Chem. 30: 1867-1870, 1984 Charlebois, R.C., Corbett, M.R., and Wigmore, J.G. Comparison of Ethanol Concentrations in Blood, Serum, and Blood Cells for Forensic Application.  JAT 20: 171-178, 1996 Chiarotti, M., and De Giovanni, N.  Acetaldehyde Accumulation During Headspace Gas Chromatographic Determination of Ethanol.  Forens. Sci. Int. 20:21-25, 1982 Dick, G.L. and Stone, H.M., Alcohol Loss Arising From Microbial Contamination of Drivers’ Blood Specimens. Forens. Sci. Int. 34: 17-27, 1987 Jones, A.W. Measuring Alcohol in Blood and Breath for Forensic Purposes- A Historical Review.  Forens. Sci. Rev. 8: 13-44, 1996 Miller, B.A., Day, S.M., Vasquez, T.E., and Evans, F.M. Absence of Salting Out Effects in Forensic Blood Alcohol Determination at Various Concentrations of Sodium Fluoride Using Semi-Automated Headspace Gas Chromatography. Sci. Just. 44(2): 73-76, 2004 Miller, M.A., Rosin, A., Levsky, M.E., Patel, M.M., Gregory,T.J.D., and Crystal, C.S.,  Does the Clinical Use of Ethanol-Based Hand Sanitizers Elevate Blood Alcohol Levels?  A Prospective Study, J. Emerg. Med., 24: 815-817, 2006 Ogden, E.J.D., Gerstner-Stevens, J., Burke, J., and Young, S.J. Venous Blood Alcohol Sampling and the Alcohol Swab. Police Surg. 42: 4-5, 1992 Peek, G.J., Marsh, A., Keating, J., Ward, R.J., and Peters, T.J.  The Effects of Swabbing the Skin on Apparent Blood Ethanol Concentrations.  Alcohol, Alcohol, 25: 639-640, 1990  Riley, D., Wigmore, J.G., and Yen, B. Dilution of Blood Collected for Medicolegal Alcohol Analysis by Intravenous Fluids.  JAT 20: 330-331, 1996. Senkowski, C.M., and Thompson, K.A. The Accuracy of Blood Alcohol Analysis Using Automated Headspace Gas Chromatography When Performed in Clotted Samples.  J. Forensic Sci. 35: 176-180, 1990. Slama, G., Bruzzo, F., Dupeyron, J.P., Lassechere, M., and Dauchy, F.  Ketone Bodies Do Not Give a Falsely High Positive Alcohol Tests.  Diabetic Med. 6: 142-143, 1989. Wigmore, J.G., and Elliot, M., Serum, Blood and Breath Alcohol Results in a Case of Impaired Driving Causing Bodily Harm. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 37(4): 223-227, 2004 Winek, C.L., and Carfagna, M. Comparison of Plasma, Serum, and Whole Blood Ethanol Concentrations. JAT 11: 267-268, 1987 Winek, C.L., Wahba, W.W., Windisch, R.M., and Winek Jr, C.L. Serum Alcohol Concentrations in Trauma Patients Determined by Immunoassays Versus Gas Chromatography. Forensic Sci. Int. 139: 1-3, 2004 Winek, T., Winek, C.L., and Wahba, W.W. The Effect of Storage at Various Temperatures on Blood Alcohol Concentration. Forensic Sci. Int. 78: 179-185, 1996. Zittel, D.B., and Hardin, G.G.  Comparison of Blood Ethanol Concentrations in Samples Simultaneously Collected Into Expired and Unexpired Venipuncture Tubes  JAT, 30: 317-318, 2006   

Georgia DUI Breath Alcohol Testing Issues for DUI Experts

 O’Connell, O., and Beckett, L., Asthmatics:  Too Drunk to Drive?  The Time Curve of Exhaled Ethanol Levels After the Use of Salamol in Normal Subjects, N.Z. Med. J., 119(1244): 5pp, October 27, 2006 Caldwell, J.P., and Kim, N.D., The Response of the Intoxilyzer 5000 to Five Potential Interfering Substances. J. Forensic Sci. 42: 1080-1087, 1997 Chow, B.L.C., and Wigmore, J.G., Technical Note:  The Stability of Aqueous Alcohol Standard Use in Breath Alcohol Testing After Twenty-Six Years Storage, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 38(1): 21-24, 2005 Cooper, S., Infrared Breath Alcohol Analysis Following Inhalation of Gasoline Fumes. JAT 5: 198-199, 1981 Dubowski, K.M., and Essary, N.A. Measurement of Low Breath-Alcohol Concentrations:  Laboratory Studies and Field Experience. JAT 23: 386-395, 1999. Dubowski, K.M., Goodson, E.E., and Sample Jr. M.  Storage Stability of Simulator Ethanol Solutions for Vapor-Alcohol Control Tests in Breath-Alcohol Analysis.  JAT 26: 406-410, 2002  Gomm, P.J., Osselton, M.D. Broster, C.G., Johnson, N. Mcl., and Upton, K.  The Effect of Salbutamol on Breath Alcohol Testing in Alcoholics.  Med. Sci. Law, 31: 226-228, 1991. Gullberg, R.G., The Elimination Rate of Mouth Alcohol:  Mathematical Modeling and Implications in Breath Alcohol Analysis.  J. Forensic Sci. 37: 1363-1372, 1992. Gullberg, R.G. Methodology and Quality Assurance in Forensic Breath Alcohol Analysis. Forensic Sci. Rev. 12: 49-68, 2000 Gullberg, R.G., Determining the Air/Water Partition Coefficient to Employ When Calibrating Forensic Breath Alcohol Test Instruments, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 38: 205-212, 2005 Gullberg, R.G., and Logan, B.K., Results of a Proposed Breath Alcohol Proficiency Test Program., J. Forensic Sci., 51: 168-172, 2006 Harding, P.M., Laessig, R.H., and Field, P.H. Field Performance of the Intoxilyzer 5000: A Comparison of Blood- and Breath- Alcohol Results in Wisconsin Drivers. J. Forensic Sci. 35: 1022-1028, 1990 Harding, P.M., McMurray, M.C., Laessig, R.H., Simnley II, D.O., Correll, P.J., and Tsunehiro, J.K.  The Effects of Dentures and Denture Adhesives on Mouth Alcohol Retention.  J. Forensic Sci. 37: 999-107, 1992 Hurst, T.S., Ability of Subjects With Impaired Respiratory Function to Provide a Satisfactory Breath Sample for the Alcotest 7410 Breath Alcohol Device. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 31: 269-274, 1998 ImObersteg, A.D., King, A., Carema, M., and Mulrine, E., The Effects of Occupational Exposure to Paint Solvents on the Intoxilyzer 5000:  A Field Study [Letter], JAT 17: 254-255, 1993. Jones, A.W. Breath Acetone Concentrations in Fasting Healthy Med:  Response of Infrared Breath Alcohol Analyzers.  JAT 11: 67-69, 1987 Jones, A.W. Medicolegal Alcohol Determinations- Blood or Breath Alcohol Concentrations?  Forensic Sci. Rev. 12: 23-47, 2000 Jones, A.W., and Andersson, L. Variability of the Blood/Breath Alcohol Ratio in Drinking Drivers. J. Forensic Sci. 41: 916-921, 1996 Laakso, O., Pennanen, T., Himberg, K., Kuitunen, T., and Himberg, J.J.  Effect of Eight Solvents on Ethanol Analysis by Draeger 7110 Evidential Breath Analyzer. J. Forensic Sci. 49(5): 1113-1116, 2004 Langille, R.M. and Wigmore, J.G., The Mouth Alcohol Effect After a Mouthful of Beer Under Social Conditions. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 33: 193-198, 2000. Logan, B.K. and Distefano, S.  Ethanol Content of Various Foods and Soft Drinks and Their Potential for Interference With a Breath-Alcohol Test. JAT 22: 181-188, 1998 Logan, B.K., Distefano, S., and Case, G.A. Evaluation of the Effect of Asthma Inhalers and Nasal Decongestant Sprays on a Breath Alcohol Test. J. Forensic Sci. 43: 197-199, 1998. Moore, R.L., and Gullien, J.  The Effect of Breath Freshener Strips on Two Types of Breath Alcohol Testing Instruments. J. Forensic Sci. 49(4): 829-831, 2004 Palmentier, J-P, F.P., Wigmore, J.G., Langille, R.M., and Patrick, J.  Incidence  of Invalid Sample Screen Messages on the Intoxilyzer 500C Obtained From Arrested Drinking Drivers in Toronto.  Is a 15 to 20 Minute Wait Period Warranted?  Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J., 101-114, 2006 Parker, K.M. and Green, J.L. Delayed Ethanol Analysis of Breath Specimens:  Long-Term Field Experience With Commercial Silica Gel Tubes and Breathalyzer Collection. J. Forensic Sci. 35: 1353-1359, 1990 Pavlic, M., Grubwieser, P., Brandstatter, A., Libiseller, K., and Rabl, W., A Study Concerning the Blood/Breath Alcohol Conversion Factor Q:  Concentration Dependency and Its Applicability in Daily Routine.  Forensic Sci. Int. 158: 149-15, 2006 Wilkie, M.P., Wigmore, J.G., and Patrick, J.W. The Performance of the Approved Screening Device, the Alcotest 7410 GLC in the Field:  Low Incidence of False Positive Results in the Identification of Drinking Drivers.  Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 36(3): 165-171, 2003 Wigmore, J.G., and Bugyra, I.M.  Decreasing the Mouth Alcohol Effect by Increasing Salivary Flow Rate. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 36: 211-216, 2003 Wigmore, J.G., and Leslie, G.M. The Effect of Swallowing or Rinsing Alcohol Solution on the Mouth Alcohol Effect and Slope Detection of the Intoxilyzer 5000.  Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 112-114, 2001 Wigmore, J.G. and Wilkie, M.P. A Simulation of the Effect of Blood in the Mouth on Breath Alcohol Concentrations of Drinking Subjects. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 35: 9-16, 2002  

Georgia DUI Impairment of Driving Ability Issues for DUI Experts

 

Adachi, J., Mizoi, Y., Funkunaga, T. Ogawa, Y., Ueno, Y., and Imamichi, H. Degrees of Alcohol Intoxication in 117 Hospitalized Cases. J. Stud. Alc. 52: 448-453, 1991

 

Andre, J.T. Visual Functioning in Challenging Conditions:  Effects of Alcohol Consumption, Luminance, Stimulus Motion, and Glare on Contrast Sensitivity. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 2: 250-269, 1996 Antebi, D.,  The Effects of Alcohol on Four Choice Serial Reaction Time.  Med. Sci. Law, 22: 181-188, 1982. Arnedt, J.T., Wilde, G.J.S., and MacLean A.W.  How do Prolonged Wakefulness and Alcohol Compare in the Decrements They Produce on a Simulated Driving Task?  Accid. Anal. Prevent. 33: 337-344, 2001.

 

Beirness, D.J., and Vogel-Sprott, M.D., Does Prior Skill Reduce Alcohol-Induced Impairment.  J. Stud. Alc. 43: 1149-1156, 1982 

Borkenstein, R.F., Crowther, R.F., Schumate, R.P., and Zylman, R., The Role of the Drinking Driver in Traffic Accidents:  The Grand Rapids Study, Blutalkohol 11(suppl 1): 1-131, 1974.

 

Flanagan, N.G., Strike, P.W., Rigby, C.J., and Lochridge, G.  The Effect of Low Doses of Alcohol on Driving Performance. Med. Sci. Law, 22: 203-208, 1983.

 

Desapriya, E.B.R., Iwase, N., Brussoni, M., Shimizu, S., and Belayneh, T.N., International Policies on Alcohol Impaired Driving:  Are Legal Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Limits in Motorized Countries Compatible With Scientific Evidence?  Jpn. J. Alcohol Drug Dependence, 38(2): 83-102, 2003

 

Katoh, Z. Slowing Effects of Alcohol on Voluntary Eye Movements.  Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 59: 606-610, 1988

 

King, A.C., and Byars, J.A. Alcohol-Induced Performance Impairment in Heavy Episodic and Light Social Drinkers. J. Stud. Alc. 65: 27-36, 2004

 

Laurell, H. Effects of Small Doses of Alcohol on Driver Performance in Emergency Traffic Situations.  Accid. Anal. Prev. 9: 191-201, 1977 McKnight, A.J., Langston, E.A., McKnight, A.S., and Lange, J.E.  Sobriety Tests for Low Blood Alcohol Concentrations.  Accid. Anal. Prevent. 34: 305-311, 2002 Miller, R.J. Ingested Ethanol as a Factor in Double Vision.  Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 654: 489-491, 1992. 

Perper, J.A., Twerski, A., and Wienand, J.W. Tolerance at High Blood Alcohol Concentrations:  A Study of 110 Cases and Review of Literature. J. Forensic Sci. 31: 212-221, 1986

 Stuster, J., Validation of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test Battery at 0.08% Blood Alcohol Concentration, Human Factors, 48(3): 608-614, 2006 Wagenaar, A.C., and Maldonado-Molina,M.M., Effects of Drivers’ License Suspension Policies on Alcohol-Related Crash Involvement:  Long-Term Follow-Up in Forty-Six States, Alcoholism, Clin. Exp. Res., 31(8): 1399-1406, 2007 Zador, P.L., Krawchuik, S.A., and Voas, R.B.  Alcohol-Related Relative Risk of Driver Fatalities and Driver Impairment in Fatal Crashes in Relation to Driver Age and Gender:  An Update Using 1996 Data.  J. Stud. Alc. 61: 387-395, 2000.  

Georgia DUI Miscellaneous Issue Regarding Alcohol Intoxication Issues for DUI Experts

 Al-Awadhi, A., Wasfi, I.A., and Al-Hatali, Z., Autobrewing Revisited:  Endogenous Concentrations of Blood Ethanol in Residents of the United Arab Emirates. Sci. Just. 44(3): 149-152, 2004 Andreasson, R., and Jones, A.W., Erik M.P. Widmark (1889-1945):  Swedish Pioneer in Forensic Alcohol Toxicology. Forensic Sci. Int. 72: 1-14, 1995 Gill, J.S., and Donaghy, M. Variation in the Alcohol Content of a Drink of Wine and Spirit Poured by a Sample of the Scotish Population.  Health Ed. Res. 19(5): 485-491, 2004   Hawthorne, J.S., and Woicik, M.H.  Transdermal Alcohol Measurement:  A Review of the Literature.  Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 39(2): 65-71, 2006  Logan, B.K., and Jones, A.W. Endogenous Ethanol Auto-Brewery Syndrome as a Drunk-Driving Defence Challenge. Med. Sci. Law, 40: 206-215, 2000 Lucas, D.M.  Professor Robert F. Borkenstein- An Appreciation of his Life and Work. Forens. Sci. Rev. 12: 1-21, 2000 Martin, T.L., Wigmore, J.G., and Woodall, K.L., A Comparison of Blood Alcohol Concentrations Estimated From Drinking Histories of Drivers Charged with Over 80 and Their Intoxilyzer 5000C Results. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 37(4): 187-195, 2004 Moskowitz, H., Marcelline Burns, and Ferguson, S. Police Officers’ Detection of Breath Odors from Alcohol Ingestion.  Accid. Anal. Prevent. 31: 175-180, 1999 Narkiewicz, K., Cooley, R.L., and Somers, V.K.  Alcohol Potentiates Orthostatic Hypotension:  Implications for Alcohol-Related Syncope.  Circulation, 101: 398-402, 2000 Perry, P.J.,. Argo, T.R., Barnett, M.J., Liesveld, J.L., Liskow, B., Hernan,J.M., Trinka, M.G., and Brabson, M.A. The Association of Alcohol Induced Blackouts and Grayouts to Blood Alcohol Concentrations, J. Forens. Sci., 51(4): 896-899, 2006 Wansink, B., and van Itterson, K., Shape of Glass and Amount of Alcohol Poured:  Comparative Study of Effect of Practice and Concentration.  BMJ, 331: 1512-1514, 2005 White, A.M., Signer, M.L., Kraus, C.L., and Swartzwelder, H.S., Experiential Aspects of Alcohol-Induced Blackouts Among College Students  Am J. Drug Alc. Abuse, 30(1): 205-224, 2004

 

Wigmore, J.G., House, C.J., and Patrick, J.W., Characteristics of Arrested Drinking Drivers With the Highest Intoxilyzer 5000C Results in Toronto:  Drinking and Driving Not only at Night or on Weekends.  Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 37(1): 1-8, 2004  

Georiga DUI Issues: Pharmacokinetics for the DUI Expert

 Brennan, D.F., Betzelos, S., Reed, R., and Falk, J. Ethanol Elimination Rates in an ED Population.  Am. J. Emerg. Med. 13: 276-280, 1995. Brown, A. St. J.M., and Manes, P.F.W.  Omeprazole, Ranitidine, and Cimetidine Have no Effect on Peak Blood Ethanol Concentrations, First Pass Metabolism, or Area Under the Time-Ethanol Curve Under Real-Life Conditions.  Aliment. Pharmacol. Pherap. 12: 141-145, 1998 Cowan, J.M., Dennis III, M.E., and Smith, L.F., A Comparison of Equal Alcohol Doses of Beer and Whiskey on Eleven Human Test Subjects. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 37(3): 137-174, 2004 Ferreira, S.M., de Mello, M.T., Rossi, M.V., and Souza-Formigoni, M.L.O., Effects of Energy Drink on Alcohol Intoxication.  Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 30(4): 598-605, 2006 Forrest, A.R.W.  The Estimation of Widmark’s Factor, Forensic Sci. Soc. J. 26: 249-252, 1986 Friel, P.N., Logan, B.K., and Baer, J. An Evaluation of the Reliability of Widmark Calculations Based on Breath Alcohol Measurements. J. Forensic Sci. 40: 91-94, 1995 Ganert, P.M. and Bowthorpe, W.D.  Evaluation of Breath Alcohol Profiles Following a Period of Social Drinking. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 33: 137-143, 2000 Gengo, F.M., Gabos, C., Straley, C., and Manning, C. The Pharmacodynamics of Ethanol:  Effects on Performance and Judgment. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 30: 748-754, 1990  Gullberg, R.G.  Employing Simulated Data to Illustrate an Important Cause of the Steepling Effect in Breath Alcohol Analysis.  Med. Sci. Law, 34: 321-323, 1994. Gullberg, R.G. Estimating the Uncertainty Associated With Widmark’s Equation as Commonly Applied in Forensic Toxicology, Forensic Sci. Int., 172: 33-39, 2007 Gullberg, R.G., and Jones, A.W.  Guidelines for Estimating the Amount of Alcohol Consumed From a Single Measurement of Blood Alcohol Concentration:  Re-Evaluation of Widmark’s Equation.  Forensic Sci. Int. 69: 119-130, 1994 Hahn, R.G., Norberg, A., Gabrielsson, J., Danielsson, A., and Jones, A.W. Eating a Meal Increases the Clearance of Ethanol Given by Intravenous Infusion.  Alcohol, Alcohol, 29: 873-877, 1994. Jackson, P.R., Tucker, G.T., and Woods, H.F. Backtracking Booze With Bayes- The Retrospective Interpretation of Blood Alcohol Data.  Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 31: 55-63, 1991 Jones, A.W. Disappearance Rate of Ethanol from the Blood of Human Subjects:  Implications in Forensic Toxicology. J. Forensic Sci. 38: 104-118, 1993. Jones, A.W., and Andersson, L.  Comparison of Ethanol Concentrations in Venous Blood and End-Expired Breath During Controlled Drinking Study.  Forensic Sci. Int. 132: 18-25, 2003 Jones, A.W., and Jonsson, K.A., Food-Induced Lowering of Blood-Ethanol Profiles and Increased Rate of Elimination Immediately After a Meal.  J. Forensic Sci. 39: 1084-1093, 1994 Jones, A.W., Lindberg, L., and Olsson, S-G., Magnitude and Time-Course of Arterio-Venous Differences in Blood Alcohol Concentration in Healthy Men., Clin. Pharmacokinetics, 43(15): 1157-1166, 2004 Jones, A.W., Wigmore, J.G.,  and House, C.J.  The Course of the Blood-Alcohol Curve After Consumption of Large Amounts of Alcohol Under Realistic Conditions  Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J., 39(3): 125-140, 2006 Katona, B.G., Siegel, E.G., Roberts, J.R., Fant, W.K., and Hassen, M. The Effects of Superactive Charcoal and Magnesium Citrate Solution on Blood Ethanol Concentrations and Area Under the Curve in Humans.  Clin. Toxicol. 27: 129-137, 1989 Li, J., Mills, T., and Erator R., Intravenous Saline has no Effect on Blood Ethanol Clearance. J. Emerg. Med. 17: 1-5, 1999. Miller,M.A.,Rosin, A., and Crystal, C.S., Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizer:  Can Frequent Use Cause an Elevated Blood Alcohol Level?  Am. J> Infect. Control, 34: 150-151, 2006 Olsen, H., Sakshaug, J., Duckert, F., Stromme, J.H., and Morland, J. Ethanol Elimination-Rates Determined by Breath Analysis as a Marker of Recent Excessive Ethanol Consumption.  Scand. J. Clin. Lab.Invest. 49: 359-365, 1989 Pollack Jr., C.V., Jorden, R.C., Carlton, F.B., and Baker, M.L. Gastric Emptying in the Acutely Inebriated Patient. J. Emerg. Med. 10: 1-5, 1992

 

Roberts, C., and Robinson, S.P., Alcohol Concentration and Carbonation of Drinks:  The Effect on Blood Alcohol Levels, J. Forensic Legal Medicine, 14: 398-405, 2007

 

Seidl, S., Jensen, U., and Alt, A.  The Calculation of Blood Ethanol Concentrations in Males and Females.  Int. J. Leg. Med. 114: 71-77, 2000

 

Tam, T.W.M., Yang, C.T., Fung, W.K., and Mok, V.K.K., Alcohol Metabolism of Local Chinese in Hong Kong:  A Statistical Determination of the Effects of Various Physiological Factors. Forensic Sci. Int. 156: 95-101, 2006  

Georgia DUI Postmortem Alcohol Issues for DUi Experts

 Backer, R.C., Pisano, P.V., and Sopher, I.M.  The Comparison of Alcohol Concentrations in Postmortem Fluids and Tissues.  J. Forens. Sci. 25: 327-331. Bonventre, J., Vcalanju, S., and Bastos, M.L. Evaluation of Ethanol Analysis on Brain and Liver by Head-space Gas Chromatography. Forens. Sci. Int. 19: 75-83, 1982 Budd, R.D.  Validity of Post Mortem Chest Cavity Blood Ethanol Determinations. J. Chromatog. 449: 337-340, 1988. De Martinis, B.S., de Paula, C.M.C., Braga, A. Moreira, H.T., and Martine, C.C.S.,  Alcohol Distribution in Different Postmortem Body Fluids.  Human Exp. Toxicol. 25: 83-97, 2006 Harper, D.R.  A Comparative Study of the Microbiological Contamination of Postmortem Blood and Vitreous Humor Samples Taken for Ethanol Determination.  Forensic Sci. Int. 43: 37-44, 1989. Johnson, R.D., Lewis, R.J., Canfield, D.V., and Blank, C.L. Accurate Assignment of Ethanol Origin in Postmortem Urine:  Liquid Chromatographic- Mas Spectrometric Determination of Serotonin Metabolites. J. Chromat. B. 805: 223-234, 2004 Jones, A.W., and Holmgren, P. Uncertainty in Estimating Blood Ethanol Concentrations by Analysis of Vitreous Humor.  J. Clin. Pathol. 54: 699-702, 2001 Moriya, F., and Hasimoto, Y., Postmortem Production of Ethanol and n-Propanol in the Brain of Drowned Persons. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 35: 131-133, 2004 Moriya, F., Hashimoto, Y., Furumiya, J., and Nishoika, S., Effects of Perimortem Physical Factors Associated With Death on Exogenous Ethanol Concentrations in Cardiac Blood.,  Legal Med. 7: 213-216, 2005  Nanikawa, R. Medicolegal Aspects on Alcohol Detected in Dead Bodies. Acta Med. Leg. Soc. 30: 109-110, 1980 Olsen, T., and Hearn, W.L.  Stability of Ethanol in Postmortem Blood and Vitreous Humor in Long-Term Refrigerated Storage.  JAT, 27: 517-519, 2003 O’Neal, C.L., Wolff II, C.E., Levine, B., Kunsman, G., and Poklis, A. Gas Chromatographic Procedures for Determination of Ethanol in Postmortem Blood Using T-Butanol and Methyl Ethyl Ketone as Internal Standards. Forensic Sci. Int. 83: 31-38, 1996. Sylvester, P.A., Wong, N.A.C.S., Warren, B.F., and Ranson, D. Unacceptably High Site Variability in Postmortem Blood Alcohol Analysis. J. Clin. Pathol. 51: 250-252, 1998 Wigmore, J.G. and Chow, B.L.C. Case Report:  Detection of Neo-Formation of Ethanol in a Postmortem Blood Sample Using N-Propanol and a Urine Sample. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 33: 145-149, 2000  

Winek Jr., C.L., Winek, C.L., and Wahba, W.W. The Role of Trauma in Postmortem Blood Alcohol Determination.  Forensic Sci. Int. 71: 1-8, 1995

 

Wu, Y-L., Guo, H-R., and Lin, J-J., Fatal Alcohol Immersion During the SARS Epidemic in Taiwan. Forensic Sci. Int. 149: 2005

   

 

Georgia DUI Urine Alcohol Testing Issues for DUI Experts

 Bendtsen, P., and Jones, A.W. Impact of Water-Induced Diuresis on Excretion Profiles of Ethanol, Urinary Creatinine and Urinary Osmolality. JAT 23: 565-569, 1999 Iffland, R., and Jones, A.W.  Evaluating Alleged Drinking After Driving- the Hip Flask Defence.  Part 1:  Double Blood Samples and Urine to Blood Alcohol Relationship.  Med. Sci. Law, 42: 207-224, 2002.  Jones, A.W., Excretion of Alcohol in Urine and Diuresis in Healthy Men in Relation to Their Age, the Dose Administered and the Time After Drinking. Forensic Sci. Int. 45: 217-224, 1990. Jones, A.W. Reference Limits for Urine/Blood Ratios of Ethanol in Two Successive Voids From Drinking Drivers. JAT 26: 333-339, 2002 Jones, A.W., Hylen, L., Svensson, E., and Helander, A. Storage of Specimens at 4C or Addition of Sodium Fluoride (1%) Prevents Formation of Ethanol in Urine Inoculated with Candida albicans. JAT 23: 333-336, 1999 Sulkowski, H.A., Wu, A.H.B., and McCarter, Y.S.  In-Vitro Production of Ethanol in Urine by Fermentation.  J. Forensic Sci. 40: 990-993, 1995
 
Vehicular Homicide in Atlanta, Georgia Lawyer
Thursday, 28 May 2009

George C. Creal, Jr., P.C. is a law firm representing those charged with Vehicular Homicide as a result of a death caused by Passing a School Bus, Failing to Stop when Involved in an Accident which Causes a Death, Reckless Driving, Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs, Fleeing or attempting to Elude a Police Officer.  We represent Vehicular Homicides  Defendants for over ten years in Georgia and the Metro Atlanta area including the City of Atlanta , Acworth, Alpharetta, Athens, Austell, Avondale Estates, Ball Ground, Barnesville, Big Canoe, Calhoun, Canton, Carnesville, Carrollton, Cedartown, Chatsworth, Chattahooche Hills, Clarkston, College Park, Commerce, Conyers, Covington, Dahlonega, Dallas, Decatur, Doraville, Douglasville, Duluth, Dunwoody, East Point, Fairburn, Forest Park, Forsyth, Fort McPherson, Fort Gillem, Gainesville, Grayson, Griffin, Hampton, Hapeville, Helen, Holly Springs, Johns Creek, Jonesboro, Kennesaw, LaGrange, Lake City, Lawrenceville, Locust Grove, Loganville, Lovejoy, Marietta, McDonough, Morrow, Newnan, Norcross, Palmetto, Peachtree City, Powder Springs, Roswell, Sandy Springs, Senoia, Smyrna, Stockbridge, Stone Mountain, Suwanee, Thomaston, Tucker, Union City, Villa Rica, Winder, Woodstock, and Zebulon and their surrounding counties including Fulton, Clayton, DeKalb, Henry, Fayette, Rockdale, Gwinnett, Cherokee, Forsyth, Coweta, Cobb, Douglas and Spalding.  We also represent Defendants upon request outside of the Atlanta area through out the State of Georgia.

georgia_codeGeorgia has some of the most stringent Vehicular Homicide laws in the country.  If you involved in an accident which causes a death and the police accuse you of excessive speed, aggressive driving, racing, DUI, passing a school bus, failing to stop after an accident or fleeing a police officer, you may be sentenced from anywhere from 3 to 15 years in prison.  Some Vehicular Homicide cases do not even enjoy the benefit of parole especially where a DUI charge is involved.   If you have consumed Alcohol, have any reminant of drugs in your system or even prescription drugs, the State does even have to prove you were DUI just a reckless driver which is a very easy burden when someone is killed.

Our firm has advised thousands of clients accused of crimes primarily in Metro Atlanta: including the City of Atlanta, Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb, Cherokee, Forsyth, Henry, Clayton, Fayette, Rockdale, Spalding and Coweta Counties. We know the Court system, the Judges, the Prosecutors and how they work. I was a staff attorney for a Superior Court Judge in Clayton County in 1993-1994. 

Georgia's Tough Criminal penalties make legal representation essential. If you do not contact us, please contact another attorney. Do not go to court unrepresented. If you can't afford to miss work for a year or more, you can't afford not to hire a Vehicular Homicide attorney. We take all major credit cards and have payment plans for qualified applicants. We are an established law firm here to help you. We will not plead your case guilty unless you tell us you do not want a trial.  Call us at (770) 961-5511 for a free consultation, email This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it  or fax us a copy of your tickets or police report at (770) 961-5544.

 Under the Official Code of Georgia § 40-6-393, titled "Homicide by vehicle" defines Vehicular Homicide in Georgia as follows:

Under the Official Code of Georgia § 40-6-393, titled "Homicide by vehicle" defines Vehicular Homicide in Georgia as follows:

(a) Any person who, without malice aforethought, causes the death of another person through the offense of [Passing a School Bus, Failing to Stop when Involved in an Accident which Causes a Death, Reckless Driving, Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs, Fleeing or attempting to Elude a Police Officer] commits the offense of homicide by vehicle in the first degree and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than three years nor more than 15 years.


(b) Any driver of a motor vehicle who, without malice aforethought, causes an accident which causes the death of another person and leaves the scene of the accident ... commits the offense of homicide by vehicle in the first degree and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than three years nor more than 15 years.


(c) Any person who causes the death of another person, without an intention to do so, by [Passing a School Bus, Failing to Stop when Involved in an Accident which Causes a Death, Reckless Driving, Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs, Fleeing or attempting to Elude a Police Officer] commits the offense of homicide by vehicle in the second degree when such violation is the cause of said death and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished as [a misdemeanor or a maximum of one year in jail and the maximum fine of $1000.00].


(d) Any person who, after being declared a habitual violator [or receives three serious traffic violations within a five year period and is notified by the Department of Driver Services by mail or operation of law]  and while such person's license is in revocation, causes the death of another person, without malice aforethought, by operation of a motor vehicle, commits the offense of homicide by vehicle in the first degree and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than five years nor more than 20 years, and adjudication of guilt or imposition of such sentence for a person so convicted may be suspended, probated, deferred, or withheld but only after such person shall have served at least one year in the penitentiary.
 
Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays and a DUI Free New Year
Friday, 21 December 2007

Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, and Don't Drive DUI now or ever, but if you do, we are here to help.  Your Metro Atlanta DUI Firm.  Joyce, Sia, Kevin, George, Mark, Isha and Sharneta. 

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Fulton County Superior Court: What is an All-Purpose Calendar
Wednesday, 22 August 2007
In Fulton County or Atlanta if you are arrested and charged with a felony offense you are sent to the Fulton County Jail instead of the Atlanta Detention Center.  In the DUI Context in Atlanta or Fulton County, you could be charged with a felony if you seriously injured or killed someone.  I recently had a client who was charged with DUI in Atlanta and 2nd Degree Criminal Damage to Property when she had an accident while DUI and hit a tree under the notion that she intentionally damaged the tree!?!  While at the Fulton County Jail on Rice Street in Atlanta, Georgia, you will have a bond hearing.  After you receive a bond and are released, then you will receive a court date for an All-Purpose hearing at the Fulton County Superior Court in downtown Atlanta near Underground Atlanta on the corner of Central Ave and Martin Luther King Blvd in Atlanta, Georgia.  It is very important to have an attorney represent you at an All Purpose Hearing.   This will be your best chance for your attorney to discuss your case with an Assistant District Attorney and receiving Pretrial Intervention or "PTI."  PTI is the equivalent of having your case dismissed after you complete probation pretrial.  If you don't have a lawyer, it will be very difficult to receive PTI.   In some cases, even with a lawyer, PTI is not an option.   Not all Assistant District Attorneys are created equal.  They don't have the experience to recognize a dog of a case from the being.   So they may want to reset the case to another date or if your case has been indicted quickly they may decided to push the case off to a plea and arraignment calendar.  Be prepared to spend all morning at the courthouse to get the a good result. There is an new system which Fulton Assistant District Attorney get cases in 9 week shifts from Bond hearing to All Purpose Calendars to Arraignment to Jury Trial.  Consequently, there is only one ADA  at the All purpose calendar and inmate pretrials must be completed prior to private attorney pretrials.  
 
Arrest must proceed breath test or implied consent rights
Tuesday, 20 February 2007

During a DUI investigation, police must arrest you prior to reading the breath test rights or implied consent rights.  If they do not, the breath test can be suppressed.  As consent is not implied until after arrest, officers can not arrest you for “suspicion” of DUI in Georgia and then take you to the station to see how you do on the sit down “intoxilyzer 5000″ breath test or the state administered chemical test.  The field breath test is not admissible as to a result, only positive or negative.  So comments like "if you pass the state test, I let you go" or "if you blow under 0.08, I won’t charge you with DUI" or "if you blow under 0.08 you are good to go" equal a breath test excluded from evidence.  See, Cooper v. State, 277 Ga. 282 (2003)(holding that chemical testing of a Defendant’s blood in the absence of probable cause violates the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures and holding that implied consent without probable cause is illegal); Buchanon v. State, 264 Ga. App. 148 (2003)(holding that consent is only implied if a person is arrested for a violation of O.C.G.A. § 40-6-391 and implied consent prior to arrest or without probable cause is improper) Handschuh v. State, 270 Ga. App. 676, 607 S.E.2d 899(Dec 01, 2004)(holding that the statute, as it now stands, provides that consent is implied only if a person is arrested for a violation of OCGA § 40-6-391, while probable cause of DUI may provide the impetus to give the implied consent warning, under OCGA § 40-5-55(a) the implied consent test is only upheld where an arrest has actually been effectuated.) Affirmed by Hough v. State, 279 Ga. 711; 620 S.E.2d 380 (2005)(Holding where accident resulted in serious injuries and officer had probable cause to believe that defendant was driving under influence, officer did not need to arrest defendant before reading of implied consent rights. However, where accident did not involve serious injuries, suspect needed to be under arrest before implied consent rights were read). 

We have won several DUIs using this defense.   For more information on Atlanta DUI defense click here

 
Sleeping is a great defense as long as there’s no moving
Monday, 19 February 2007

A St. Petersburg Florida police officer was arrested for DUI Sunday morning February 18, 2007while off duty

Officer Steven J. Pugh was arrested around 2 a.m. Saturday.  He was found sleeping behind the wheel of his parked personal car around the 5400 bolck of Shore Blvd. in Gulfport, Florida.  Pugh contends that he had been drinking at a party when he went to his truck, turned on the engine and the heater and went to sleep.

DUI in Georgia can be charged as Driving or being in actual physical control of a moving  vehicle.  Lack of Driving or Failure to Move is a great defense.  Police often assume vehicle occupants drove while impaired to whereever they are parked.  Unless the vehicle is on the side of a long strecht of abandoned road or in a Krystal (White Castle for you westerners) drive thru, there is not a very good inference of driving.  Additionally, the driver is doing the right thing by parking and sleeping it off.  I have won many jury trials using this defense.  They always provide lots of reasonable doubt.  For more information on a Georgia DUI defense by a qualifed DUI Lawyer click here.

 
Surprise you’re under arrest
Tuesday, 06 February 2007

The Sarasota Herald Tribune reported recently that a Florida Sheriff’s Deputy is under investigation after utilizing a suprise handcuffing technique. After an arrestee was told by the Officer to perform a fake sobriety evaluation as a ruse to handcuff the suspect, the Officer slammed the arrestee into the car.  While trying to get handcuffs on the Defendant, the Defendant turned around and retaliated. Police commentators have called this unreasonable policing. One such fake field evaluation is the lean forward over the hood of my car as far as you can then BAM!, slammed into the hood and cuffs go on. Another similar fake test is read the word between the flashing lights on my light bar. Americans deserve honesty and open communication in a democratic society and not police trickery.  For more information on Atlanta DUI lawyers click here.

 
Denver police turn off cameras which show Breath Testing unreliable
Monday, 05 February 2007

CBS Investigative Reporters in Denver recently reported that Denver Police turned off video cameras recording DUI breath testing.  After recently suffering acquitals of DUI arrests where the defendant was not observed for 20 minutes prior to the breath test to exclude the possibility of mouth alcohol, the cameras were coincidently turned off.  Police don’t want cameras if they are showing juries that Defendants are not guilty.  In Atlanta, the some DUI Task force officers have stopped using video after regularly videoing arrest for the last five years.  No explanation is given for why not.  Atlanta Police also have new digital recorders that can not be played in court but only in police cars.  Other police agencies resist cameras for their police cruisers knowing that convictions can be harder when the arrest is on tape.  In this day and age, Americans deserve to have those vested with the public trust recording arrests.  The bottom line is it convicts the guilty and frees the innocent.  Legislators should step forward and mandate video recordings for police cruisers and DUI breath test machines. For more information on Atlanta DUI lawyers click here.

 
Even DUI lawyers don’t know when they are DUI
Tuesday, 30 January 2007

In January 2007, a Wisconsin DUI lawyer, Rick Petri, 64, got a call from a client that he was arrested for DUI.  He went to the station to bail him out and blew a 0.09.   The lawyer who had consumed alcoholic beverages earlier in the evening felt fine and thought the alcohol had worn off.   Breath alcohol is not blood alcohol.  Age, weight, lung capacity, sex, hemocrit, lung to blood ratios, body temperature all can affect breath alcohol levels.  Thus, noone really knows what their true blood alcohol is especially after a breath alcohol test.  I have a portable breath tester.   On a recent evening, I tested my breath after each of four beers consumed over a 4 hour period while watching a pro hockey game.  I never felt impaired.   After the first beer, I blew a 0.05.  After the second beer, I blew a 0.077.  After the third beer, I blew a 0.117.  After the fourth beer, I blew a .099.  The beers were consumed on a beer an hour interval and I consumed a small pizza during the second hour.  My friend blew a 0.002 after two beers in four hours (yes that is two zeros or a two thousandth of g/210l).  Needless to say he drove! What is the difference? Who knows the tests are just as arbitrary as the 0.08 limit itself.  I guess I am guilty of being a lightweight.  For more information on Georgia DUI lawyers click here.

 
There is no safe limit to stay out of jail if you must just drink one
Sunday, 31 December 2006

From a good time to a crime
RICK KUPCHELLA, Special to the Times
Published December 31, 2006

Once upon a time, people laughed when you joked that you were too drunk to walk, so you had to drive. But then, once upon a time the Marlboro Man was the ultimate sign of virility. The Marlboro Man died of cancer. And drunken drivers long ago ceased to be funny. Indeed, social attitudes toward drunken driving are about where attitudes toward smoking were 20 years ago - hardening fast. Think of that next time you’re in a smoke-free bar.

And think of that tonight if you are one of the thousands raising a toast to the New Year in Tampa Bay.

For more information on DUI lawyers in Georgia click here.

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No legal advice should be obtained from the web site alone. To obtain legal advice, please call (770) 961-5511 or email George C. Creal, Jr., P.C. at firm@georgialawyer.com. George C. Creal, Jr., P.C. is Georgia Professional Corporation authorized to practice law in the State of Georgia only and all information contained in this web site is intended for use for DUI/DWIs occuring in the State of Georgia. Individuals with DUI/DWIs from outside the State of Georgia should contact a licensed attorney in the state of occurrence of their DUI. Copyright © 2006 George C. Creal, Jr. P.C.